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Journal of Biomaterials Applications
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Polyurethane Elastomer Biostability

Ken Stokes

Medtronic, Ina, 7000 Central Avenue NE, Minneapolis, MN 55432-3576

Rick McVenes

Medtronic, Ina, 7000 Central Avenue NE, Minneapolis, MN 55432-3576

James M. Anderson

University Hospitals of Cleveland, the Institute of Pathology of Case Western Reserve University, 2085 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-2622

Polyurethanes have unique mechanical and biologic properties that make them ideal for many implantable devices. They are subject to some in vivo degradation mechanisms, however. Polyester polyurethanes are subject to hydrolytic degradation and are no longer used in long-term implanted devices. Polyether polyurethanes, while hydrolytically stable, are subject to oxidative degradation in several forms, including environmental stress cracking and metal ion oxidation. Mineralization is also known to occur. A new polycarbonate polyurethane has superior biostability in early in vivo qualification tests compared to the polyether polyurethanes, including no evidence of hydrolysis, ESC or MIO.

Journal of Biomaterials Applications, Vol. 9, No. 4, 321-354 (1995)
DOI: 10.1177/088532829500900402
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