|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Review Paper: A Review of the Cellular Response on Electrospun Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering
D.R. Nisbet
Department of Materials Engineering, Division of Biological Engineering, Monash University, PO Box 69M, Victoria 3800, Australia, CRC for Polymers, 32 Business Park Drive, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
J.S. Forsythe
Department of Materials Engineering, Division of Biological Engineering, Monash University, PO Box 69M, Victoria 3800, Australia, john.forsythe{at}eng.monash.edu.au, CRC for Polymers, 32 Business Park Drive, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
W. Shen
Australian Pulp and Paper Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, PO Box 69M, Victoria 3800, Australia
D.I. Finkelstein
The Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria 155 Oak Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
M.K. Horne
Howard Florey Institute, Gate 11, Royal Parade The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
Electrospinning has been employed extensively in tissue engineering to generate nanofibrous scaffolds from either natural or synthetic biodegradable polymers to simulate the cellular microenvironment. Electrospinning rapidly produces fibers of the nanolength scale and the process offers many opportunities to tailor the physical, chemical, and biological properties of a material for specific applications and cellular environments. There is growing evidence that nanofibers amplify certain biological responses such as contact guidance and differentiation, however this has not been fully exploited in tissue engineering. This review addresses the cellular interactions with electrospun scaffolds, with particular focus on neural, bone, cartilage, and vascular tissue regeneration. Some aspects of scaffold design, including architectural properties, surface functionalization and materials selection are also addressed.
Key Words: electrospinning neural tissue engineering regenerative medicine cellular interaction bone cartilage vascular tissue.
References
- Stevens, M.M. and George, J.H. (2005). Exploring and Engineering the Cell Surface Interface, Science, 310: 1135-1138.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Teo, W.E., He, W. and Ramakrishna, S. (2006). Electrospun Scaffold Tailored for Tissue Specific Extracellular Matrix, Biotechnology Journal, 1: 918-929.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Ma, Z., Kotaki, M., Inai, R. and Ramakrishna, S. (2005). Potential of Nanofiber Matrix as Tissue-Engineering Scaffolds, Tissue Engineering, 11: 101-109.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Chiu, J.B., Luu, Y.K., Fang, D., Hsiao, B., Chu, B. and Hadjiargyrou, M. (2005). Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications, Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 1: 115-132.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Nisbet, D.R., Pattanawong, S., Ritchie, N.E., Shen, W., Finkelstein, D.I., Horne, M.K. and Forsythe, J.S. (2007). Interaction of Embryonic Cortical Neurones on Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Neural Tissue Engineering, Journal of Neural Engineering, 4: 35-41.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Dalton, P.D., Klee, D. and Möller, M. (2005). Electrospinning with Dual Collection Rings, Polymer, 46: 611-614.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Huang, Z.-M., Zhang, Y.-Z., Kotaki, M. and Ramakrishna, S. (2003). A Review on Polymer Nanofibers by Electrospinning and Their Applications in Nanocomposites, Composites Science and Technology, 63: 2223-2253.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Li, D., Wang, Y. and Xia, Y. (2003). Electrospinning of Polymeric and Ceramic Nanofibers as Uniaxially Aligned Arrays, Nano Letters, 3: 1167-1171.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Knight, B., Laukaitis, C., Akhtar, N., Hotchin, N.A., Edlund, M. and Horwitz, A.R. (2000). Visualizing Muscle Cell Migration In Situ, Current Biology, 10: 576-585.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Griffith, L.G. and Swartz, M.A. (2006). Capturing Complex 3D Tissue Physiology In Vitro, Nature Reviews: Molecular Cell Biology, 7: 211-224.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Nur-E-Kamala, A., Ahmeda, L., Kamala, J., Schindlerb, M. and Meinersa, S. (2006). Three-Dimensional Nanofibrillar Surfaces Promote Self-Renewal in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Stem Cells, 24: 426-433.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Schindler, M., Ahmed, I., Kamal, J., Nur-E-Kamal, A., Grafe, T.K., Chung, H.Y. and Meiners, S. (2005). A Synthetic Nanofibriallar Matrix Promotes In Vivo-Like Organization and Morphogenesis for Cells in Culture, Biomaterials, 26: 5624-5631.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Nisbet, D.R., Yu, L.M.Y., Zahir, T., Forsythe, J.S. and Shoichet, M.S. (2008). Characterization of Brain-Derived Stem Cells on Electrospun Poly(
-Caprolactone) Submicron Scaffolds: Evaluating Their Potential in Neural Tissue Engineering, Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition, 19: 623-634.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve] - Yang, S.T. and Ng, R. (2007). A New Dimension to Biomaterials, Materials Today, 10: 64.
- Han, D. and Gouma, P.I. (2006). Electrospun Bioscaffolds That Mimic the Topology of Extracellular Matrix, Nanomedicine, 2: 37-41.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Borg, T.K. (2004). It's the Matrix!, The American Journal of Pathology, 164: 1141-1142.[Free Full Text]
- Hoshiba, T., Wakejima, M., Cho, C.S., Shiota, G. and Akaike, T. (2007). Different Regulation of Hepatocyte Behaviors between Natural Extracellular Matrices and Synthetic Extracellular Matrices by Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 85: 228-235.
- Murugan, R. and Ramakrishna, S. (2007). Design Strategies of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds with Controlled Fiber Orientation, Tissue Engineering, 13: 1845-1866.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Berthiaume, F., Moghe, P.V., Toner, M. and Yarmush, M.L. (1996). Effect of Extracellular Matrix Topology on Cell Structure, Function, and Physiological Responsiveness: Hepatocytes Cultured in a Sandwich Configuration, The FASEB Journal, 10: 1471-1484.[Abstract]
- Zhong, Y., Yu, X., Gilbert, R. and Bellamkonda, R.V. (2001). Stabilizing Electrode-Host Interfaces: A Tissue Engineering Approach, Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 38: 627-632.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Nisbet, D.R., Crompton, K.E., Horne, M.K., Finkelstein, D.I. and Forsythe, J.S. (2007). Neural Tissue Engineering of the CNS Using Hydrogels, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Part B, 87: 251-263.
- Nisbet, D.R., Crompton, K.E., Hamilton, S.D., Shirwakawa, S., Prankerd, R.J., Finkelstein, D.I., Horne, M.K. and Forsythe, J.S. (2005). Morphology and Gelation of Thermosensitive Xyloglucan Hydrogels, Biophysical Chemistry, 121: 14-20.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Yang, F., Murugan, R., Wang, C. and Ramakrishna, S. (2005). Electrospinning of Nano/Micro Scale Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Aligned Fibers and Their Potential in Neural Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials, 26: 2603-2610.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Johansson, A., Carlbergb, C., Danielsenc, N., Monteliusb, L. and Kanjea, M. (2006). Axonal Outgrowth in Nano-Imprinted Patterns, Biomaterials, 27: 1251-1258.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Foley, J., Grunwald, E., Nealey, P. and Murphy, C. (2005). Cooperative Modulation of Neuritogenesis by PC12 Cells by Topography and Nerve Growth Factor, Biomaterials, 26: 3639-3644.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Corey, J.M., Lin, D.Y., Mycek, K.B., Chen, Q., Samuel, S., Feldman, E.L. and Martin, D.C. (2007). Alighned Electrospun Nanofibers Specify the Direction of Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurite Growth, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 83: 636-645.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kwon, I., Kidoaki, S. and Matsuda, T. (2005). Electrospun Nano- to Microfiber Fabrics Made of Biodegradable Copolyesters: Structural Characteristics, Mechanical Properties and Cell Adhesion Potential, Biomaterials, 26: 3929-3939.
- Li, W., Guo, Y., Wang, H., Shi, D., Liang, C., Ye, Z., Qing, F. and Gong, J. (2007). Electrospun Nanofibers Immobilized with Collagen for Neural Stem Cell Culture, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 19: 847-854.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Ahmed, I., Liu, H.Y., Mamiya, P.C., Ponery, A.S., Babu, A.N., Weik, T., Schindler, M. and Meiners, S. (2006). Three-Dimensional Nanofibrillar Surfaces Covalently Modified with Tenascin-C-Derived Peptides Enhance Neuronal Growth In Vitro, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 76: 851-860.
- Schnell, E., Klinkhammer, K., Balzer, S., Brook, G., Klee, D., Dalton, P.D. and Mey, J. (2007). Guidance of Glial Cell Migration and Axonal Growth on Electrospun Nanofibers of Poly-
-Caprolactone and a Collagen/ Poly- -Caprolatone Blend, Biomaterials, 28: 3012-3025.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve] - Sangsanoh, P., Waleetorncheepsawat, S., Suwantong, O., Wutticharoenmongkol, P., Weeranantanapan, O., Chuenjitbuntaworn, B., Cheepsunthorn, P., Pavasant, P. and Supapho, P. (2007). In Vitro Biocompatibility of Schwann Cells on Surfaces of Biocompatible Polymeric Electrospun Fibrous and Solution-Cast Film Scaffold, Biomacromolecules, 8: 1587-1594.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Bini, T.B., Gao, S., Tan, T.C., Wang, S., Lim, A., Hai, L.B. and Ramakrishna, S. (2004). Electrospun Poly(L-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Biodegradable Polymer Nanofibre Tubes for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, Nanotechnology, 15: 1459-1464.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Matsuda, T., Kagata, G., Kino, R. and Tanaka, J. (2007). Preparation of Chitosan Nanofiber Tube by Electrospinning, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 7: 852-855.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Townsend-Nicholson, A. and Jayasinghe, S.N. (2006). Cell Electrospinning: A Unique Biotechnique for Encapsulating Living Organisms for Generating Active Biological Microthreads/Scaffolds, Biomacromolecules, 7: 3364-3369.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Jayasinghe, S.N. and Townsend-Nicholson, A. (2006). Stable Driven Cone-Jetting of Concentrated Biosuspensions, Lab on a Chip, 6: 1086-1090.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Rhoades, R. and Pflanzer, R. (1996). Human Physiology, 3rd Edn, Saunders College Publishing, Orlando.
- Kimakhe, S., Bohic, S., Larrose, C., Reynaud, A., Pilet, P., Giumell, B., Heymann, D. and Daculsi, G. (1999). Biological Activities of Sustained Polymyxin B Release from Calcium Phosphate Biomaterial Prepared by Dynamic Compaction: An In Vitro Study, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 47: 18-27.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Stevenson, S., Emery, S.E. and Goldberg, V.M. (1996). Factors Affecting Bone Graft Incorporation, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 324: 66-74.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Goldberg, V.M. and Stevenson, S. (1994). Bone graft options: fact and fancy, Orthopedics, 17: 809-810, 821.
- Graves, S.E., Davidson, D., Ingerson, L., Ryan, P., Griffith, E.C., McDermott, B.F., McElroy, H.J. and Pratt, N.L. (2004). The Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, The Medical Journal of Australia, 180: S31-34.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Shin, M., Yoshimoto, H. and Vacanti, J.P. (2004). In Vivo Bone Tissue Engineering Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells on a Novel Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffold, Tissue Engineering, 10: 33-41.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kim, H.W., Song, J.H. and Kim, H.E. (2005). Nanofiber Generation of Felatin-Hydroxyapatite Biomimetics for Guided Tissue Regeneration, Advanced Functional Materials, 15: 1988-1994.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Li, C., Vepari, C., Jin, H.J., Kim, H.J. and Kaplan, D.L. (2006). Electrospun Silk-BMP-2 Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials, 27: 3115-3124.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Tuslakoglu, K., Bolgen, N., Salgado, A.J., Gomes, M.E., Piskin, K. and Reis, R.L. (2005). Nano and Micro Fiber Combined Scaffolds: A New Architecture for Bone Tissue Engineering, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 16: 1099-1104.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Badami, A.S., Kreke, M.R., Thompson, M.S., Riffle, J.S. and Goldstein, A.S. (2006). Effect of Fiber Diameter on Spreading, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Osteoblastic Cells on Electrospun Poly(Lactic Acid) Substrates, Biomaterials, 27: 596-606.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Woodfield, T.B.F., Malda, J., de Wijin, J., Peters, F., Riesle, J. and van Blitterswijk, C.A. (2004). Design of Porous Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Usings a Three-Dimensional Fiberdeposition Technique, Biomaterials, 25: 4149-4161.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Shields, K.J., Beckman, M.J., Bowlin, G.L. and Wayne, J.S. (2001). Mechanical Properties of Cellular Proliferation of Electrospun Collagen Type II, Tissue Engineering, 10: 1510-1517.
- Riesle, J., Hollander, A.P., Langer, R., Freed, L.E. and Vunjak-Novakovic, G. (1998). Collagen in Tissue-Engineered Cartilage: Types, Structure, and Crosslinks, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 71: 313-327.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Bhattarai, N., Edmondson, D., Veiseh, O., Matsen, F.A. and Zhang, M. (2005). Electrospun Chitosan-Based Nanofibers and Their Cellular Compatibility, Biomaterials, 26: 6176-6184.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Subramanian, A., Lin, H.Y., Vu, D. and Larsen, G. (2004). Synthesis and Evaluation of Scaffolds Prepared from Chitosan Fibers for Potential Use in Cartilage Tissue Engineering, Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, 40: 117-122.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Subramanian, A., Vu, D., Larsen, G. and Lin, H.Y. (2005). Preparation and Evaluation of the Electrospun Chitosan/PEO Fibers for Potential Applications in Cartilage Tissue Engineering, Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition, 16: 861-873.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Luu, Y.K., Kim, K., Hsiao, B., Chu, B. and Hadjiargyrou, M. (2003). Development of a Nanosturcture DNA Delivery Scaffold Via Electrospinning of PLGA and PLA-PEG Block Copolymers, Biomaterials, 89: 341-353.
- Li, W., Tuli, R., Okafor, C., Derfoul, A., Danielson, K.G., Hall, D.J. and Tuan, R.S. (2005). A Three-Dimensional Nanofibrous Scaffold for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Using Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Biomaterials, 26: 599-609.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Zhang, Y.-Z., Lim, T.C., Ramakrishna, S. and Huang, Z.-M. (2005). Recent Development of Polymer Nanofibers for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 16: 933-946.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Van der Lei, B., Nieuwenhuis, P., Molenaar, I. and Wildevuur, C.R.H. (1987). Long-Term Iologic Fate of Neoarteries Regenerated in Microporous, Compliant, Biodegradable, Small-Caliber Vascular Grafts in Rats, Surgery, 101: 459-467.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Sonoda, H., Takamizawa, K., Nakayama, Y., Yasui, H. and Matsuda, T. (2001). Small-Diameter Compliant Arterial Graft Prosthesis: Design Concept of Coaxial Double Tubular Graft and Its Fabrication, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 55: 266-276.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Tiwari, A., Salacinski, H.J., Samilton, G. and Sefalian, A.M. (2001). Tissue Engineering of Vascular Bypass Grafts: Role of Endotherlial Cells Extraction, European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 21: 193-201.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Seifalian, A.M., Tiwari, A., Hamilton, G. and Salacinski, H.J. (2002). Improving the Clinical Patency of Prosthetic Vascular and Coronary Bypass Grafts: The Role of Seeding and Tissue Engineering, Artificial Organs, 26: 301-320.
- Lian, X. and Greisler, H.P. (2003). Biomaterials in the Development and Future of Vascular Grafts, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 37: 472-480.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kumar, T.R.S. and Krishnan, L.K. (2001). Endothelial Cell Growth Factor (ECGF) Enmeshed with Fibrin Matrix Enhances Proliferation of EC In Vitro, Biomaterials, 22: 2769-2776.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Rothlein, R., Dustin, M.L., Marlin, S.D. and Springer, T.A. (1986). A Human Intracellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM-1) Distinct from LFA-1, Journal of Immunology, 137: 1270-1274.[Abstract]
- Ma, Z., Kotaki, M., Yong, T., He, W. and Ramakrishna, S. (2005). Surface Engineering of Electrospun Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Nanofibers Towards Development of a New Material for Blood Vessel Engineering, Biomaterials, 26: 2527-2536.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Williamson, M.R., Black, R. and Kielty, C. (2006). PCL-PU Composite Vascular Scaffold Production for Vascular Tissue Engineering: Attachment, Proliferation and Bioactivity of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells, Biomaterials, 27: 3608-3616.
- Stitzel, J., Liu, J., Lee, S.J., Komura, M., Berry, J., Soker, S., Lim, G., Dyke, M.V., Czerw, R., Yoo, J.J. and Atala, A. (2006). Controlled Fabrication of a Biological Vascular Substitute, Biomaterials, 27: 1088-1094.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Inoguchi, H., Kwon, I., Inoue, E., Takamizawa, K., Maehara, Y. and Matsuda, T. (2006). Mechanical Responses of a Compliant Electrospun Poly(L-Lactide-Co-
-Caprolactone) Small-Diameter Vascular Graft, Biomaterials, 27: 1470-1478.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve] - Zong, X., Bien, H., Chung, C., Yin, L., Fang, D., Hsiao, B., Chu, B. and Entcheva, E. (2005). Electrospun Fine-Textured Scaffolds for Heart Tissue Constructs, Biomaterials, 26: 5330-5338.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Zong, X., Bien, H., Chung, C., Yin, L., Kim, K., Fang, D.F., Chu, B., Hsiao, B. and Entcheva, E. (2003). Electrospun Non-Woven Membranes as Scaffolds for Heart Tissue Constructs, Polymer Preprints, 44: 96-97.
- Xu, C.Y., Inai, R., Kotaki, M. and Ramakrishna, S. (2004). Aligned Biodegradable Nanofibrous Structure: A Potential Scaffold for Blood Vessel Engineering, Biomaterials, 25: 877-886.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Boland, E.D., Matthews, J.A., Pawlowski, K.J., Simpson, D.G., Wnek, G.E. and Bowlin, G.L. (2004). Electrospinning Collagen and Elastin: Preliminary Vascular Tissue Engineering, Frontiers in Bioscience, 9: 1422-1432.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- He, W., Ma, Y., Yong, T., Teo, W.E. and Ramakrishna, S. (2005). Fabrication of Collagen-Coated Biodegradable Polymer Nanofiber Mesh and Its Potential for Endothelial Cell Growth, Biomaterials, 26: 7606-7615.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- He, W., Yong, T., Teo, W.E., Ma, Z. and Ramakrishna, S. (2005). Fabrication and Endothelialization of Collagen-Blended Biodegradable Polymer Nanofibers: Potential Vascular Graft for Blood Vessel Tissue Engineering, Tissue Engineering, 11: 1574-1588.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- He, W., Yong, T., Ma, Z.W., Inai, R., Teo, W.E. and Ramakrishna, S. (2006). Biodegradable Polymer Nanofiber Mesh to Maintain Functions of Endothelial Cells, Tissue Engineering, 12: 2457-2466.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Xu, C.Y., Yang, F., Wang, S. and Ramakrishna, S. (2004). In Vitro Study of Human Vascular Endothelial Cell Function on Materials with Various Surface Roughness, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 71: 154-161.
- Li, R.K., Yau, T.M., Weisel, R.D., Mickle, D.A., Sakai, T., Choi, A. and Jia, Z.Q. (2000). Construction of a Bioengineered Cardiac Graft, Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 119: 368-375.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Shin, M., Ishii, O., Sueda, T. and Vacanti, J.P. (2004). Contractile Cardiac Grafts Using a Novel Nanofibrous Mesh, Biomaterials, 25: 3717-3723.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Li, M., Guo, Y., Wei, Y., MacDiarmid, A.G. and Lelkes, P.I. (2006). Electrospinning Polyaniline-Contained Gelatin Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering Applications, Biomaterials, 27: 2705-2715.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Yim, E.K. and Leong, K.W. (2005). Significance of Synthetic Nanostructures in Dictating Cellular Response, Nanomedicine, 1: 10-21.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Lee, S.J., Oh, S.H., Liu, J., Soker, S., Atala, A. and Yoo, J.J. (2007). The Use of Thermal Treatments to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Poly(Caprolactone) Scaffolds, Biomaterials, 29: 1422-1430.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Choi, J.S., Leong, K.W. and Yoo, H.S. (2008). In Vivo Wound Healing of Diabetic Ulcers Using Electrospun Nanofibers Immobilized with Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Biomaterials, 29: 587-596.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
This version was published on July
1, 2009
Journal of Biomaterials Applications, Vol. 24, No. 1,
7-29 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0885328208099086

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
|
|