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Journal of Biomaterials Applications
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In vivo Performance of Biodegradable Calcium Phosphate Glass Ceramics using the Rabbit Model: Histological and SEM Observation

A. G. Dias

Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Laboratório de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

M. A. Lopes

Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Laboratório de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

J. D. Santos

Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Laboratório de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, jdsantos{at}fe.up.pt

A. Afonso

Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto (FMDUP), Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200 Porto, Portugal

K. Tsuru

Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama-Shi 700-8530, Japan, Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama-Shi 700-8530, Japan

A. Osaka

Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama-Shi 700-8530, Japan, Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama-Shi 700-8530, Japan

S. Hayakawa

Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama-Shi 700-8530, Japan, Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama-Shi 700-8530, Japan

S. Takashima

Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama-Shi 700-8530, Japan, Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama-Shi 700-8530, Japan

Y. Kurabayashi

Animal Center for Medical Reserch, Okayama University, Shikata, Okayama-Shi 700-8530, Japan

Two MK5 (45CaO-45P2O5-5MgO-5K2O, in mol%) and MT13 (45CaO-37P2O5-5MgO-13TiO2, in mol%) glasses are prepared in the meta- and pyrophosphate regions and crystallized to obtain MK5B and MT13B, respectively. MK5B was obtained by controlled crystallization, and MT13B by powder sintering. As a result of these heat treatment processes, the crystalline phases precipitated in the glassy matrix are KCa(PO3)3, ß-Ca(PO3)2, ß-Ca2P2O7 and Ca4P6O19 phases for MK5B and CaTi4(PO4)6, TiP2O7, {alpha}- and ß-Ca2P2O7 phases for MT13B. To assess the in vivo biological behavior of these glass ceramics, a mixed granulometry in the range 250-355 µm and 355-425 µm with a ratio of 1/1 was implanted for 2, 4, and 12 weeks in the tibiae of Japanese white rabbits. The results showed that the in vivo behavior was strongly affected by their solubility. All implanted materials, MK5B and MT13B, and ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) as control material, showed signs of degradation in vivo. However, the levels of degradation were quite different throughout the implantation periods. The highest degradation was observed for MK5B glass ceramic and the lowest for MT13B with ß-TCP in-between. All implanted materials allow for new bone formation in the bone defect area. At the longest implantation period (12 weeks), the MT13B and ß-TCP materials were almost completely surrounded by new bone tissue, whereas MK5B showed some unfilled spaces. This behavior is discussed in terms of the high degradation observed in previous studies.

Key Words: in vivo testing • biodegradable glass ceramics • calcium phosphates

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Journal of Biomaterials Applications, Vol. 20, No. 3, 253-266 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0885328206052466
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*CALCIUM BIS(DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE)
*CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE
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