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In vivo Response of Bioactive PMMA-based Bone Cement Modified with Alkoxysilane and Calcium Acetate

Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, a.sugino{at}nakashima.co.jp ub.com, Nakashima Medical Division Nakashima Propeller Co. Ltd 688-1, Joto-Kitagata, Okayama 700-8691, Japan

Chikara Ohtsuki

Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603, Japan

Toshiki Miyazaki

Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 2-4, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan

The use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement is popular in orthopedics for the fixation of artificial joints with bone. However, it has a major problem with prostheses loosening because of coverage by fibrous tissue after long-term implantation. Recently, a bioactive bone cement has been developed that shows direct bonding to living bone through modification of PMMA resin with -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and calcium acetate. The cement is designed to exhibit bioactivity, through incorporation of silanol groups and calcium ions. Thus, it has the potential to form a layer of bone-like hydroxyapatite, which is essential for achieving direct bonding to living bone. This type of modification allows the cement to show spontaneous hydroxyapatite formation on its surface in a simulated body fluid after one day, and there is evidence of osteoconduction of the cement in rabbit tibia for periods of more than three weeks. However, the influence of the dissolved ions from the modified cement has not yet been clarified. Thus, the authors focused on the dissolution of the modified PMMA-based bone cement and its tissue response in muscle and bone by comparison with the behavior of non-modified PMMA-based bone cement. One week after implantation in the latissimus dorsi of a rabbit, the modified PMMA-based bone cement showed more inflammatory width than the commercial cement. However, four weeks after implantation, the inflammatory width of both cements was essentially the same. The osteoconductivity around the modified cement was higher than that for the conventional cement after four weeks implantation. These results indicate that the initial dissolution of calcium acetate from the modified cement to form the hydroxyapatite induced the acute inflammation around tissue, but also developed the osteoconductivity. It is suggested that the initial inflammation can be effective for inducing osteoconduction through a bone healing reaction when the material provides an environment that promotes bone formation.

Key Words: bone cement • polymethylmethacrylate • bioactivity • tissue response • hydroxyapatite • calcium acetate.

This version was published on November 1, 2008

Journal of Biomaterials Applications, Vol. 23, No. 3, 213-228 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0885328207081694


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