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This version was published on October 1, 2006
Journal of Biomaterials Applications, Vol. 21, No. 2, 131-145 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0885328206058786

Determination of Crystallinity and Crystal Structure of HylamerTM Polyethylene after in vivo Wear

M. Visentin

Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy, visentin{at}tecno.ior.it

S. Stea

Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy

M. De Clerico

Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy

M. Reggiani

Dipartimento di Biochimica G. Moruzzi Sez di Chimica e Propedeutica Biochimica Bologna 40126, Italy

C. Fagnano

Dipartimento di Biochimica G. Moruzzi Sez di Chimica e Propedeutica Biochimica Bologna 40126, Italy

S. Squarzoni

ITOI - CNR, Unita’ di Bologna c/o Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli Bologna 40136, Italy

A. Toni

I Divisione di Ortopedia e Traumatologia Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy

HylamerTM polyethylene is a crystalline form of polyethylene of 70% crystallinity whereas conventional polyethylene (PE) has 50% crystallinity. Crystallinity is the percentage by weight of the crystalline phase present in the whole polymer, which comprises both amorphous and crystalline phases.

Clinical experience has shown that HylamerTM components used in joint prostheses, if sterilized by gamma rays in the presence of oxygen, are easily affected by wear, which leads to osteolysis. The authors have analyzed the crystallinity of polyethylene liners removed from seven patients who had received HylamerTM polyethylene implants sterilized by gamma rays in air and had suffered prosthetic loosening, using Raman spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The results have been compared to those of two controls who had received HylamerTM polyethylene implants sterilized by gamma irradiation in a nitrogen atmosphere. The crystal structure of wear particles released into the tissues from the HylamerTM liners sterilized by gamma rays in air is also studied. The materials undergoing two different types of sterilization methods show different crystallinity values (71.50 vs. 69.43), but the crystallinity do not change according to wear (worn and unworn liner region). Both monoclinic and orthorhombic phases are present in the liner, while in wear debris prevalently monoclinic crystals are found in both types of sterilized liners. Different crystallinity rates can explain different wear rates observed in vivo.

Key Words: crystallinity • polyethylene • wear • HylamerTM • Raman spectroscopy


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