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Biocompatibility of b-Tricalcium Phosphate Root Replicas in Porcine Tooth Extraction Sockets - A Correlative Histological, Ultrastructural, and X-ray Microanalytical Pilot Study

Institute of Oral Biology, Section for Oral Structures and Development, Centre of Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, nair{at}zzmk.unizh.ch

Hans-Ulrich Luder

Institute of Oral Biology, Section for Oral Structures and Development, Centre of Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Fabrizio A. Maspero

Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland

Jürgen H. Fischer

Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Köln, Köln, Germany

Jens Schug

Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontics and Cariology, Centre of Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

This investigation studies porcine tissue response in tooth extraction sockets treated with root replicas made out of ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP; ß-Ca₃(PO₄)₂) granules, molded and held together by thermal fusion of a thin film of polyglycolic-polylactic acid copolymer. Six left mandibular third incisors (n ¹/4 6) of experimental pigs are treated with the root replicas and four contralateral incisors are used as nontreated controls (n ¹/4 4). Two animals each were killed at 20, 40, and 60 weeks of observation periods. The mandibular jaw segments were prepared in toto for light microscopy by resin embedding and serial ground sectioning. Additionally, one ß-TCP-treated socket at 60 weeks was thoroughly investigated by correlative light, electron microscopic and electron probe X-ray microanalysis to assess the bioabsorbability and host removal of the replica material from the implant site. The extraction wounds of the animals healed satisfactorily with very little histologically observable differences in the healing pattern of the test and control sites. The ß-TCP was completely removed from extracellular sites, but at 60 weeks, remnants of it were found in the cytoplasm of multinucleated giant cells. The root replicas made out of ß-TCP were biocompatible and bioabsorbable. Osseous healing occurred both in the test and control sockets, but the healing process was delayed due to the presence of ß-TCP particles.

Key Words: alveolar process atrophy • alveolar ridge preservation • biocompatibility • oral implants • oral wound healing • osseointegrated dental prostheses • tooth extraction sockets

This version was published on April 1, 2006

Journal of Biomaterials Applications, Vol. 20, No. 4, 307-324 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0885328206054167


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