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The Mechanical Behavior of Vascular Grafts: A Review

University Department of Surgery, The Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, U.K.a.seifalian{at}rfc.ucl.ac.uk

Sean Goldner

Alberto Giudiceandrea

George Hamilton

Alexander M. Seifalian

Vascular Haemodynamic Laboratory, University Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London and The Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK

Alan Edwards

Robert J. Carson

Cardio Tech International LTD., Cambrian House, Hawrd Road, Brymbo, Wrexham, LL11 5EA, UK

The development of intimal hyperplasia (IH) near the anastomosis of a vascular graft to artery is directly related to changes in the wall shear rate distribution. Mismatch in compliance and diameter at the end-to-end anastomosis of a compliant artery and rigid graft cause shear rate disturbances that may induce intimal hyperplasia and ultimately graft failure. The principal strategy being developed to prevent IH is based on the design and fabrication of compliant synthetic or innovative tissue-engineered grafts with viscoelastic properties that mirror those of the human artery. The goal of this review is to discuss how mechanical properties including compliance mismatch, diameter mismatch, Young’s modulus and impedance phase angle affect graft failure due to intimal hyperplasia.

Key Words: vascular grafts • intimal hyperplasia • vessel wall mechanics • fluid dynamics • compliance mismatch

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