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Evaluation by Bone Scintigraphy of Osteogenic Activity of Commercial Bioceramics (Porous -TCP and HAp Particles) Subcutaneously Implanted in Rats

¹ Division of Oral Bioengineering, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstitution, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
² Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
³ Olympus Terumo Biomaterials Corporation, Hachioji 192-8512, Tokyo, Japan
⁴ Department of Dental Radiology, Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
⁵ Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kawase{at}dent.niigata-u.ac.jp.

	Abstract

Osteogenic potential of biomaterials used in bone regenerative therapy has been mainly examined in an animal-implantation study. We have here evaluated the applicability of bone scintigraphy in imaging ectopic bone formation, especially its initial phase, by -tricalcium phosphate (-TCP) particles that were implanted in rat dorsal subcutaneous tissues. In implanted osteogenic osteosarcoma cells used as a positive control, osteoid formation was found by histological examination and bone scintigraphy using ^99mTc- hydroxymethyl diphosphonate (HMDP) at 2 and 3 weeks post-implantation, respectively, while the microfocus-computed tomography (µCT) system required further mineralization, which occurred at 4 weeks. Implantation of -TCP particles alone induced only faint biomineralization inside the particles, which could be microscopically detected by calcein chelation at 2 weeks post-implantation, but not by other histological examinations (e.g., HE staining) or µCT. However, the bone scintigraphy successfully detected this microscopic change at 1 week. Implanted hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles alone used as a negative control did not induce mineralization at microscopic levels, and therefore nothing was detected by either calcein chelation or bone scintigraphy. In conclusion, the bone scintigraphic methodology, although exhibiting less quantitation and resolution, would be applicable as a non-invasive, highly sensitive methodology in detecting the initial, microscopic changes associated with mineralization.

First published on September 2, 2009
Journal of Biomaterials Applications 2009, doi:10.1177/0885328209341845


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